Patents Act

Unofficial translation

No. 550 of December 15, 1967,

as amended by Acts No. 575/71 of 2 July 1971, No. 407/80 of 6 June 1980, No. 387/85 of 10 May 1985 , No. 801/91 of 10 May 1991, No. 577/92 of 26 June 1992, No. 1034/92 of 13 November 1992, No. 1409/92 of 18 December 1992, No. 593/94 of 28 June 1994, No. 717/95 of 21 April 1995, No. 1695/95 of 22 December 1995, No. 243/97 of 21 March 1997, No. 650/00 of 30 June 2000, No. 990/04 of 19 November 2004, No. 896/05 of 18 November 2005, 295/06 of 21 April 2006, 684/2006 of 21 July 2006, 392/10 of 14 May 2010, 954/10 of 12 November 2010, 478/11 of 13 May 2011, 743/2011 of 17 June 2011, 101/2013 of 31 January 2013, 23/2016 of 8 January 2016 and 717/2016 of 25 August 2016.

CHAPTER 1

General Provisions

Section 1 (30.6.2000/650) Anyone who has, in any field of technology, made an invention which is susceptible of industrial application, or his or her successor in title, is entitled, on application, to a patent and thereby to the exclusive right to exploit the invention commercially, in accordance with this Act.(18.11.2005/896)

The following, as such, shall not be regarded as inventions:
(1) discoveries, scientific theories and mathematical methods;
(2) aesthetic creations:
(3) schemes, rules and methods for performing mental acts, playing games or doing business, and programs for computers;
(4) presentations of information.

Methods for surgical or therapeutic treatment or diagnostic methods, practiced on humans or animals, shall not be regarded as inventions. This provision shall not, however, preclude the grant of patents for products, including substances and compositions, for use in any of these methods.

Patents shall not be granted for plant or animal varieties. Inventions which concern plants or animals shall nevertheless be patentable if the technical feasibility of the invention is not confined to a particular plant or animal variety. The concept of plant variety within the meaning of this Act is defined by Article 5 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 on Community plant variety rights.

Patents shall not be granted for essentially biologial processes for the production of plants or animals. For the purposes of this Act a process for the production of plants or animals shall be considered essentially biological if it consists entirely of natural phenomena such as crossing or selection. What is said above shall be without prejudice to the patentability of inventions which concern a microbiological or other technical process or a product obtained by means of such a process. For the purposes of this Act 'microbiological process' means any process involving or performed upon or resulting in microbiological material.

Inventions shall be patentable even if they concern a product consisting of or containing biological material or a process by means of which biological material is produced, processed or used. Biological material which is isolated from its natural environment or produced by means of a technical process may be the subject of an invention even if it previously occurred in nature. For the purposes of this Act 'biological material' means any material containing genetic information and capable of reproducing itself or being reproduced in a biological system.

Section 1a (30.6.2000/650) The human body, at the various stages of its formation and development, and the simple discovery of one of its elements, including the sequence or partial sequence of a gene, cannot constitute patentable inventions.

An element isolated from the human body or otherwise produced by means of a technical process, including the sequence or partial sequence of a gene, may, without prejudice to the provisions of subsection (1), where the requirements for patentability are fulfilled, constitute a patentable invention, even if the structure of that element is identical to that of a natural element.

Section 1b (30.6.2000/650) Patents shall not be granted for inventions the commercial exploitation of which would be contrary to ordre public or morality.

The commercial exploitation of an invention may not be considered to be contrary to ordre public or morality merely because it is prohibited by law or regulation.

For the purposes of subsection (1), the following inventions, in particular, shall be considered unpatentable:
1) processes for cloning human beings;
2) processes for modifying the germ line genetic identity of human beings;
3) uses of human embryos for industrial or commercial purposes;
4) processes for modifying the genetic identity of animals which are likely to cause them suffering without any substantial medical benefit to man or animal, and also animals resulting from such processes.

Section 2 (6.6.1980/407) Patents may only be granted for inventions which are new in relation to what was known before the filing date of the patent application, and which also involve an inventive step with respect thereto. (18.11.2005/896)

Everything made available to the public in writing, in lectures, by public use or otherwise is considered to be known. Also, the contents of a patent application filed in this country before the filing date are considered known if that application becomes available to the public under section 22. Similarly, the contents of a utility model application filed in this country before the filing date of the patent application are considered known if the application becomes available to the public under section 18 of the Act on Utility Model Rights (800/1991). The requirement under subsection (1) demanding that the invention must involve an inventive step with respect to what was known before the filing date of the patent application, does not, however, apply to the contents of such patent or utility model applications. (18.11.2005/896)

Applications referred to in Chapter 3 shall, for the purposes of subsection (2), in certain cases have the same effect as patent applications filed in this country, pursuant to provisions laid down in sections 29 and 38.

The provision in subsection (1) above, requiring that an invention be new, shall not preclude the grant of patents for known substances or compositions for use in a method referred to in section l (3), provided that the use of the substance or composition is not known for such method.

The provision in subsection (1) above, requiring that an invention be new, shall not, either, preclude the grant of patents for known substances or compositions for use in a method referred to in section l (3), provided that the use of the substance or composition is not known for this particular method. (18.11.2005/896)

Patents may be granted, however, for inventions made available to the public within the six months preceding the filing date of the application if disclosure was the result of:
(1) an evident abuse in relation to the applicant or his predecessor in title; or
(2) the fact that the applicant or his predecessor in title had displayed the invention at an official, or officially recognized, international exhibition falling within the terms of the Convention on International Exhibitions signed at Paris on November 22, 1928 (Finnish Treaty Series 36/37). (18.11.2005/896)

Section 3 (8.1.2016/23) With the exceptions laid down below, the exclusive right conferred by a patent shall entail that no one may, without the proprietor’s consent, exploit an invention by:
(1) manufacturing, offering, putting on the market or using a product that is protected by the patent, or importing or possessing such a product for the said purposes;
(2) using a patented method process or offering such a method process for use in Finland, if he or she is aware or should have been aware that the method process may not be used without the proprietor’s consent;
(3) offering, putting on the market or using a product immediately obtained by a process that is protected by the patent, or importing or possessing such a product for the said purposes.

The exclusive right shall also entail that no person other than the proprietor may, without the proprietor’s consent, exploit the invention by offering or supplying, to any person who is not entitled to exploit the invention, a means of using the invention in Finland that relates to some essential element of the invention, if the person offering or supplying the means knows or should have known that the means are suitable and intended for operating the invention. The foregoing provision of this subsection shall not apply where the means are staple commercial products, except where the person offering or supplying the means seeks to induce the recipient to commit any of the acts referred to in subsection 1 above. For the purposes of this subsection, any person who exploits the invention in the manner referred to in subsection 3, paragraph 1, 3, 4 or 6, shall not be deemed entitled to exploit the invention.

The exclusive right does not apply to:
(1) non-commercial exploitation;
(2) exploitation of a product protected by the patent that has been put on the market within the European Economic Area by the proprietor or with his or her consent, unless the proprietor has legitimate grounds to object to a broader introduction of the product to the market;
(3) use of the invention in trials relating to the invention as such;
(4) studies, trials, or actions arising from practical requirements that are needed with respect to a marketing authorisation application for a medicinal product, and relate to an invention that concerns the said product;
(5) preparation in a pharmacy of a medicine prescribed by a physician in individual cases, or treatment administered using a medicine so prepared.
(6) use of biological material for breeding or for finding and developing other plant varieties;
(7) permitted measures and the use of derived information referred to in Articles 5 and 6 of Directive 2009/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the legal protection of computer programs.

Section 3a (30.6.2000/650) The protection conferred by a patent on a biological material possessing specific characteristics as a result of the invention shall extend to any biological material derived from that biological material through propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing those same characteristics.

The protection conferred by a patent on a process that enables a biological material to be produced possessing specific characteristics as a result of the invention shall extend to biological material directly obtained through that process and to any other biological material derived from the directly obtained biological material through propagation or multiplication in an identical or divergent form and possessing those same characteristics.

The protection conferred by a patent on a product containing or consisting of genetic information shall extend to all material, save as provided in subsection (1) of section 1 a, in which the product is incorporated and in which the genetic information is contained and performs its function.

The protection referred to above shall not extend to biological material obtained from the propagation or multiplication of biological material placed on the market in the territory of the European Economic Area by the holder of the patent or with his consent, where the multiplication or propagation necessarily results from the application for which the biological material was marketed, provided that the material obtained is not subsequently used for other propagation or multiplication.

Section 3b (30.6.2000/650) By way of derogation from the provisions of section 3 a, subsections (1) to (3), the sale or other form of commercialisation of plant propagating material to a farmer by the holder of the patent or with his consent for agricultural use implies authorisation for the farmer to use the product of his harvest for propragation or multiplication by him on his own farm, the extent and conditions of this derogation corresponding to those under Article 14 of Council Regulation (EC) No 2100/94 on Community plant variety rights.

By way of derogation from the provisions of section 3 a, subsections (1) to (3), the sale or any other form of commercialisation of breeding stock or other animal reproductive material to a farmer by the holder of the patent or with his consent implies authorisation for the farmer to use the protected livestock for an agricultural purpose. This includes making the animal or animal reproductive material available for the purposes of pursuing his agricultural activity but not sale within the framework or for the purpose of a commercial reproduction activity.

More specific regulations concerning the contents and implementation of the derogation provided for in subsection 2 may be decreed by the Government where necessary.

Section 4 Any person who, at the time the patent application was filed, was commercially exploiting the invention in this country may continue to do so, notwithstanding the grant of a patent, provided that the general nature of such previous exploitation is maintained and that the exploitation does not constitute an evident abuse in relation to the applicant or his predecessor in title. Such right of exploitation shall also be afforded, subject to the same conditions, to any person who has made substantial preparations for commercial exploitation of the invention in this country.

The right afforded under subsection (1) above can only be transferred to other parties together with the business in which it originated or in which exploitation was intended to take place.

Section 5 (8.1.2016/23) Notwithstanding a patent, an invention may be exploited on a foreign vessel, aircraft or other vehicle for its own needs when temporarily or unintentionally entering Finland.

Aircraft spare parts and accessories may be imported and used to repair a foreign aircraft in Finland notwithstanding a patent.

Section 6 (6.6.1980/407) A patent application relating to an invention disclosed not earlier than 12 months before the date of filing in an application for a patent or a utility model filed in Finland or in an application for a patent, an inventor's certificate or utility model protection filed in another state party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Finnish Treaty Series 36/10 and 43/15) or to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization (Finnish Treaty Series 5/95) shall be deemed, for the purposes of subsections (1), (2), (4) and (5) of section 2 and of section 4, to have been filed at the same time as the earlier application, if the applicant so requests. Such priority may also be enjoyed under an earlier application for protection filed in a state not party to the above agreements, if the corresponding priority deriving from a Finnish application is granted in such state and if the laws of such state substantially conform to the above agreements. (18.11.2005/896)

The Government, or a patent authority appointed by the Government, shall lay down the manner in which priority claims shall be filed and the documents to be submitted in support of claims. Where such requirements are not satisfied, priority shall not be granted.

CHAPTER 2

Processing of a national patent application and opposition procedure (8.1.2016/23)

Section 7 A patent application is submitted to the patent authority in writing. The patent authority maintains a record of patent applications received. (8.1.2016/23)

In this Act, Patent Authority means the Finnish Patent Authority, unless otherwise provided by statute. The Finnish Patent Authority is the Finnish Patent and Registration Office, as provided in a statute. (17.6.2011/743)

Section 7a (17.6.2011/743) For each application, in the record referred to in section 7(1) above is entered:
1) the serial number of the patent application;
2) the classes in which the application has been classified;
3) the name of the examiner processing the application;
4) the name, domicile and address of the applicant;
5) if the applicant is represented by an agent, the name, domicile and address of the agent;
6) the name and address of the inventor;
(7) the title of the invention;
8) a statement as to whether the application is a Finnish patent application, an international patent application or an application for a European patent which has been converted into a national application;
9) if the application is a Finnish patent application, the date of receipt and the date of filing;
10) if the application is an international patent application, the international filing date and the date on which the application was pursued under section 31 of the Patents Act or was filed under section 38 of that Act;
11)if the application has been converted from a European patent application into a national application, the filing date in accordance with the European Patent Convention (Finnish Treaty Series 8/1996) and the date on which the application was received by the Patent Authority for conversion;
12) if the priority of an earlier application is claimed, the country where the earlier application given as the basis for the priority was filed, the filing date of that application and its serial number;
13) if the application results from division or separation, the serial number of the parent application;
14) if a new application results from the division or separation of the application, the serial number of the application that has been divided or separated out;
15) if the application has been made available to the public under section 22(3) of the Patents Act, the date on which it became available;
16) if the application is an international application, the international application number;
17) if the application has been converted from a European patent application into a national application, the application number of the European patent application;
18) the documents filed and fees paid in respect of the application;
19) decisions taken in respect of the application.

An entry referred to above in subsection (1), paragraphs 2, 3, 6, 7, and 16-18 is to be kept secret until the patent application which the entry refers to has become available to the public under section 22.

Section 8 Subsection 1repealed 1 November 2011 (743/2011)

Section 8a (30.6.2000/650) Where an invention concerns biological material or the carrying out thereof involves the use of a biological material which neither is available to the public nor can be described in the application documents in such a manner as to enable a person skilled in the art to carry out the invention, a sample of the biological material shall be deposited no later than on the date the application was filed. The biological material shall be continuously on deposit thereafter so that any person entitled under this Act to a sample of the deposited material may have the sample furnished in Finland. The Government shall decree where deposits may be made.

If a deposited biological material ceases to be viable or if samples of the material cannot be furnished for other reasons, it may be replaced by a new deposit of the same biological material, as decreed by the Government. Once this has been done, the new deposit shall be deemed to have been made on the date of the previous deposit.

Section 8b (18.11.2005/896) The Patent Authority must accord a filing date for a patent application, if:
(1) the application contains an indication that its elements are intended to be a patent application;
(2) the application contains indications allowing the identity of the applicant to be established or allowing the applicant to be contacted by the Authority; and
(3) the documents submitted on filing the application contain anything that can be regarded as a description or a drawing, or the application contains a reference to an earlier filed patent or utility model application and the applicant has submitted information on the filing date of the patent or utility model application, the serial number and the patent authority with which the application was filed.

If the applicant has not complied with the provisions of subsection (1) for being accorded a filing date for the application, the applicant is invited to correct the deficiencies within a time limit laid down by the Patent Authority. If the applicant fails to correct the deficiencies within that time limit or if the Authority has failed to contact the applicant within two months of the receipt of the application, the application is deemed not to have been filed.

If the applicant, to be accorded a filing date, has, within the time limit provided in subsection (2), corrected all deficiencies contained in the application, the date on which all deficiencies have been corrected will be taken to be the filing date.

Section 8c (18.11.2005/896) If an application which has been filed in compliance with the provisions of section 8b is defective and the Patent Authority finds that an element or elements of the description or the drawings to which reference is made in the description or the patent claims are missing, the applicant is invited to supplement his or her application within the limit laid down by the Patent Authority. If the missing elements are furnished within that time limit, the date on which all deficiencies have been corrected will be taken to be the filing date, unless otherwise specified in subsections (2) and (3).

If the subsequently furnished elements referred to in subsection (1) are cancelled within one month from the date of furnishing, the original filing date will be taken to be the filing date.

If the missing elements are furnished in compliance with the provisions of subsection (1) and priority is claimed from an earlier application and the missing elements in their entirety appear from that application, the date of the initial filing will be taken to be the filing date, if the applicant so requests and submits a copy of the application given as the basis of priority within the time limit laid down in subsection (1).

Section 8d (17.6.2011/743) When an application has been filed in English, the patent applicant has the right to obtain, in English, the decisions made by the Patent Authority concerning that application, provided that the applicant, when filing the application, has made a written request that the language of decisions be English.

If the applicant has not requested English as the language of decisions when filing an application referred to in subsection (1), the Patent Authority must issue an official action where the applicant is invited either to submit a translation of the patent application into Finnish or Swedish, or to make a written request that the language of decisions be English. If the applicant, when replying to the official action, requests that the language of decisions be English, the patent application in English will constitute the basis for further processing. If the applicant submits a translation of the patent application into Finnish or Swedish, the application in Finnish or Swedish will constitute the basis for further processing.

If the Patent Authority notices that the translation of the claims and the abstract from English does not correspond to the documents in English, the applicant must be requested to correct the translation within a time limit.

Section 9 (6.6.1980/407) If the applicant so requests and pays the prescribed fee, the Patent Authority shall, under conditions laid down by Government decree, arrange for a novelty search by the International Searching Authority under Article 15(5) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty done at Washington on June 19, 1970.

Section 10 A patent may not be applied for in respect of two or more inventions that are independent of one another in the same application.

Section 11 If a patent is applied for in respect of an invention disclosed by the applicant in an earlier application on which no final decision has been given, the later application shall, at the request of the applicant and on the conditions laid down by the Government, be deemed to have been filed at the time the documents disclosing the invention were filed with the Patent Authority.

Section 12 An applicant not domiciled in the country shall be required to appoint a representative residing in the European Economic Area to represent him in matters concerning the application. (30.6.2000/650)

If it has not been possible to notify the applicant at the address he has furnished of a decision taken in respect of a patent application, notification can be effected by publishing an announcement in respect of the matter in the patent gazette published by the Finnish Patent and Registration Office. Such notification is deemed to have been effected once the action mentioned above has been taken. (21.3.1997/243)

Section 13 (21.3.1997/243) An application for a patent may not be amended in such a way that protection is claimed for matter not disclosed in the application at the time it was filed.

Section 14 Repealed 1 April1997 (243/1997)

Section 15 If the applicant fails to satisfy the requirements for the application or if the Patent Authority has other objections to acceptance of the application, the applicant shall be notified thereof by official action and be invited to file his response or to correct the application within the specified period of time. The Patent Authority may, however, make such changes to the abstract as it deems necessary without consulting the applicant. (6.6.1980/407)

If the applicant fails to file observations or take steps to correct the application within the period of time laid down, the application shall be dismissed. The official action shall include a notice to that effect.

A dismissed application may be reinstated if, within four months of the expiration of the time limit, the applicant files observations or takes steps to correct the application and, within the same period of time, pays the prescribed reinstatement fee.

If the applicant fails to pay the annual fee under sections 8, 4l and 42, the application shall be dismissed without official notification. Applications dismissed for such reason may not be reinstated. (10.5.1985/387)

Section 16 If, after the applicant has filed his observations, there still remains an obstacle to acceptance of the application which the applicant has had an opportunity to comment on, the application shall be rejected, unless there is reason to issue a further official notification to the applicant.

Section 17 If a person other than the applicant claims before the Patent Authority that he has proper title to the invention and if the circumstances are held to be uncertain, the Patent Authority may invite such person to institute proceedings before a court of law within a period of time to be laid down, failing which the claim may be disregarded in the further processing of the patent application.

If proceedings for proper title to an invention in respect of which a patent has been applied for are pending before a court, the patent application may be suspended until a final decision is given by the court.

Section 18 If a person proves to the Patent Authority that he and not the applicant has proper title to the invention, the Patent Authority shall, if such person so requests, transfer the application to him. The transferee shall pay a new application fee.

If a request is made for transfer of a patent application, the application shall not be dismissed, rejected or granted until a final decision has been taken on the request.

Section 19 (21.3.1997/243) If the application satisfies the formal requirements and no obstacle is found to acceptance of the application, the patent authority shall notify the applicant that the application can be accepted.

Once the notice referred to in subsection (1) has been given to the applicant, no request may be filed under section 11, nor may the patent claims be altered in such a way as to extend the scope of protection.

The applicant shall pay the prescribed printing fee within two months from the date on which he was given the notice pursuant to subsection (1). Failing that, the application shall be dismissed. However, examination may be resumed if, within four months of the expiration of the prescribed time limit, the applicant pays the printing fee together with the prescribed reinstatement fee.

If an application for a patent is filed by an inventor and if, within two months of the date on which he was given the notice pursuant to subsection (1), he requests exemption from payment of the printing fee, the Patent Authority may grant said exemption if the applicant is considered to have great difficulty in paying the fee. If the request is rejected, a fee paid within two months thereafter shall be deemed to have been paid on time.

Section 20 (21.3.1997/243) Once the applicant has done what is required of him under section 19, the Patent Authority shall accept the application, provided that there is still no obstacle. The acceptance of the application shall be announced.

A patent has been granted on the day the acceptance of the application is announced. A granted patent shall be recorded in the Patent Register kept by the Patent Authority. Letters patent shall be issued to the proprietor of the patent.

Section 21 (17.6.2011/743) From the date on which the mention of the grant of a patent is published, the Patent Authority must keep copies of the patent specification available, containing the description, claims and abstract, and giving also the names of the proprietor of the patent and the inventor. If, under section 8 d, the decision to accept the application has been made in English, the patent specification must contain the description in English and the claims and the abstract not only in English but also in either Finnish or Swedish.

Section 22 The documents concerning a patent shall be available to the public as from the date on which the patent was granted. (21.3.1997/243)

Eighteen months after the filing date of the application or, if priority is claimed, the priority date, the documents shall be made available to the public regardless of whether the patent has been granted yet. If the application has been dismissed or rejected, the documents shall be made available to the public only if the applicant requests reinstatement of his application, lodges an appeal or submits a request under sections 71a or 71 b. (21.3.1997/243)

At the request of the applicant, the documents shall be made available earlier than provided in subsections (1) and (2) of this section.

When documents are made available under subsections (2) and (3) above, an announcement to that effect shall be published.

If a document contains a business secret and if such secret does not concern the invention for which a patent is sought or granted, the Patent Authority may, on request and if good reason is given, order that the document shall not be made available. If such request is made, the document shall not be made available until the request has been refused by a final decision. (21.3.1997/243)

Where biological material has been deposited under section 8a, any person shall have the right to obtain a sample of the biological material once the documents have become available to the public under subsections (1), (2) or (3). Notwithstanding the above provision samples will not be issued to any person not allowed by law or other applicable regulations to handle the deposited biological material. It shall also not imply that samples may be issued to any person whose handling of the sample can be assumed to involve an obvious risk in view of the harmful properties of the material. (30.6.2000/650)

Notwithstanding the provision in the first sentence of subsection (6), samples of a deposit shall be issued to a special expert only, if the applicant so requests, until a patent has been granted or during a period of 20 years from the filing date of the application if a final decision not resulting in the grant of a patent has been taken on the application. The Government shall lay down the time limits for making such request and determine who may be called as an expert by a person wishing to obtain a sample. (21.3.1997/243)

A person wishing to obtain a sample shall submit a request in writing to the Patent Authority and give an undertaking in the terms laid down by the Government to prevent misuse of the sample. Where samples may be issued to a special expert only, the undertaking must be given by such expert. (10.5.1985/387)

Section 23 (21.3.1997/243) If an application which has been made available to the public is dismissed or rejected, the decision shall be announced once it has become final.

Section 24 (17.6.2011/743) Anyone may file an opposition against a granted patent. The opposition must be filed within nine months from the grant of the patent. The opposition must be made in writing and the grounds for it must be stated. The opponent must pay a fee which is based on the Act on Fees Charged for the Services of the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (1032/1992) and on other statutes issued under that Act.

When the description is drawn up in English, the patent proprietor must, if such a request is made during the opposition period, submit a translation of the description into the language of the translated claims. The translation of the description must be submitted to the Patent Authority within the time limit set by the Patent Authority. If the Patent Authority notices that the translation of the description from English does not correspond to the description in English, the applicant must be requested to correct the translation within a time limit.

If the patent proprietor fails to submit, within the time limit, the translation referred to in subsection (2), the Patent Authority may request the patent proprietor to file, under threat of a fine, the translation, or the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the patent proprietor. Further processing is based on the documents translated into Finnish or Swedish.

Where an opposition to the grant of a patent has been filed, the patent proprietor must be notified of it and they must be given an opportunity to reply. During the opposition proceedings, a patent proprietor who is not domiciled in Finland must have a representative referred to in section 12.

When special reasons allow, the Patent Authority may take an opposition into account even if the patent has lapsed or lapses pursuant to section 51, or if the opposition is withdrawn. If the opponent withdraws the opposition, they may not appeal from a final decision taken by the Patent Authority. The Patent Authority must take into consideration an opposition filed during the opposition period even if the patent has been limited by a final decision before the filing of the opposition.

Section 25 (30.6.2000/650) The Patent Authority shall revoke a patent on account of an opposition:
(1) if the patent relates to an invention that does not satisfy the requirements of Sections 1, 1 a, 1 b or 2;
(2) if the patent relates to an invention the description of which is not sufficiently clear to enable a person skilled in the art to carry out the invention;
(3) if the patent contains subject matter not included in the application as filed; or
(4) if the scope of protection was extended after the notice referred to in section 19 (1), was given.

The Patent Authority shall reject the opposition if there is no obstacle referred to in subsection (1) to maintenance of the patent.

If the proprietor of the patent has during opposition proceedings amended the patent in such a manner that there is no obstacle referred to in subsection (1) to maintenance of the patent as amended, the Patent Authority shall maintain the patent in the amended form.

If the patent is maintained as amended, the Patent Authority shall keep the amended patent specification available to the public.

The Patent Authority shall announce a decision taken account of an opposition once the decision has become final.

Section 26 An applicant may appeal against a final decision taken by the Patent Authority on a patent application if the decision is not in his or her favour. A patent proprietor or a person who lodged an opposition may appeal against a final decision taken by the Patent Authority on account of an opposition if the decision is not in his or her favour. (31.1.2013/101)

A decision rejecting a request for reinstatement under section 15 (3) or section 19 (3) or a decision granting a request for transfer of an application under section 18 may be appealed against by the applicant. A decision rejecting a request for transfer of an application may be appealed against by the person who made the request. (21.3.1997/243)

A decision rejecting a request for an order under section 22( 5) may be appealed against by the person who made the request. (21.3.1997/243)

Section 27 (31.1.2013/101) Appeals from decisions taken by the Patent Authority as referred to in section 26 must be lodged with the Market Court, as provided in the Act on the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (575/1992).

Section 27a (31.1.2013/101) When a patent applicant appeals from a final decision taken by the Patent Authority on a patent application drawn up in English, they must submit, to the Market Court, a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the description, abstract and claims. If the applicant fails to submit the translation together with the appeal, the Market Court must provide the patent applicant an opportunity to submit a translation within the time limit set by the Market Court. If the patent applicant fails to submit a translation within the time limit, the appeal is not admitted. When the Market Court requests the patent applicant to submit a translation, it must state the consequences of failure to comply with the request. Further processing is based on the documents translated into Finnish or Swedish.

When a patent applicant appeals from a final decision taken by the Patent Authority on a patent application, and the decision has been issued in English, the Market Court must request the Patent Authority to submit a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the decision. Further processing is based on the decision translated into Finnish or Swedish.

When an appeal is filed on a final decision taken by the Patent Authority on account of an opposition, and not all the patent documents are available in Finnish or in Swedish, the patent proprietor must submit a Finnish or Swedish translation of the description to the Market Court. The Market Court must, where necessary, provide the patent proprietor an opportunity to submit a translation within the time limit set by the Market Court. If the patent proprietor does not submit a translation within the time limit, the Market Court may request the patent proprietor to file it, under threat of a fine, or the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the patent proprietor. When the Market Court requests the patent proprietor to submit a translation, it must state the consequences of failure to comply with the request. Further processing is based on the documents translated into Finnish or Swedish.

Section 27b (17.6.2011/743) If the description and the claims are in English, and the language of decisions is English, the patent proprietor may submit a corrected translation to the Patent Authority. The patent proprietor must pay the fee for the publication of the translation. The Patent Authority must announce the correction without delay in Finnish and Swedish, and, as soon as possible, make copies of the corrected translation available to the public. After announcement, the corrected translation replaces the original translation.

Anyone who in good faith, at the time when the corrected translation entered into force, has begun to exploit the invention commercially in this country in a way which, were the original translation correct, would not have caused any infringement of the patent proprietor’s right, or had made substantial preparation for such exploitation, obtains the right under section 71 c(2) and (3).

CHAPTER 3

International Patent Application (6.6.1980/407)

Section 28 (6.6.1980/407) "An international application" shall mean an application made under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

International applications shall be filed with a patent authority or an international organization (receiving Office) authorized under the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations to receive such applications. The receiving Office in Finland shall be the Finnish Patent and Registration Office, as laid down by Government decree. Applicants filing an international application in Finland shall pay the prescribed fee.

Sections 29 to 38 apply to international applications in which Finland is designated.

Section 29 (18.11.2005/896) An international application to which a receiving Office has assigned an international filing date has the same effect in Finland as a Finnish application filed on the same date. The second sentence in section 2(2) applies only to an international application that has been pursued under section 31.

Section 30 (6.6.1980/407) An international application shall be deemed withdrawn as far as the designation of Finland is concerned in the cases referred to in Article 24(1)(i) and (ii) of the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

Section 31 If an applicant wishes to pursue an international application in Finland, they must file, with the Patent Authority, a translation into Finnish, Swedish or English of the international application within 31 months of the international filing date or, where priority is claimed, of the priority date, to the extent laid down in a government decree, or a copy of the application if it is drawn up in Finnish, Swedish or English. The applicant must, within the same time limit, pay the prescribed fee to the Patent Authority.
(17.6.2011/743)

If the applicant has paid the prescribed fee within the time limit laid down in subsection (1), the required translation or a copy of the application may be filed within a further period of two months, provided the prescribed additional fee is paid within that same period. (19.11.2004/990)

If the applicant does not satisfy the requirements of this section, the application shall be deemed withdrawn as far as Finland is concerned. (19.11.2004/990)

Section 32 has been repealed on 1 January 2005 (990/2004)

Section 33 Where an international application has been pursued under section 31, Chapter 2 shall apply in respect of the application and examination unless otherwise provided in this section or in sections 34 to 37. However, the application may be taken up for examination prior to expiration of the period laid down in section 3l(1) only if so requested by the applicant. (19.11.2004/990)

The obligation under section 12 of the applicant to have a representative residing in the European Economic Area shall not begin until the date when the application may be taken up for prosecution. (30.6.2000/650)

The provisions of section 22 (2) and (3) take effect even before the application has been pursued, once the applicant has complied with the requirement under section 31 to file a translation of the application or, if the application is in Finnish, Swedish or English, once the applicant has filed a copy of the application with the Patent Authority. (17.6.2011/743)

For the purposes of sections 48, 56 and 60, the international application is deemed to have become available to the public once the applicant has fulfilled the obligations under subsection (3). (10.5.1985/387)

Where the application satisfies the requirements as to form and contents laid down by the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations, it shall be accepted in that respect. (6.6.1980/407)

Section 34 (21.3.1997/243) A notice referred to in section 19 (1) concerning acceptance of an international patent application may not be given, nor may such patent application be rejected before expiration of the time limit laid down by the Government, unless the applicant agrees to an earlier ruling on the application.

Section 35 (18.11.2005/896) An international application may not, without the consent of the applicant, be published, in printed form or another similar way, nor may a patent be granted on an invention that is the subject matter of such application by the Patent Authority before its publication by the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization or before the expiration of a period of 20 months after the international filing date or, where priority is claimed, after the priority date.

Section 36 (6.6.1980/407) Where a part of an international application has not been the subject of an international search or an international preliminary examination on the grounds that the application is held to include independent inventions and the applicant has not paid the additional fee laid down by the Patent Cooperation Treaty within the prescribed period, the Patent Authority shall ascertain whether the decision not to conduct a search or an examination was correct. Where the Patent Authority considers that the decision was correct, that part of the application that has not been the subject of a search or an examination shall be deemed withdrawn before the Patent Authority unless the applicant pays the prescribed fee within two months of the date on which he receives notification of the Patent Authority's decision. Where the Patent Authority considers the decision to have been incorrect, it shall proceed with examination of the application in its entirety.

The applicant may appeal against a decision taken under subsection (1) in the cases where the Patent Authority has found that the application includes independent inventions. Section 27(1) is to apply with the necessary changes. (18.11.2005/896)

Where the appeal authority upholds the decision of the Patent Authority, the time limit for payment of the fee referred to in the second sentence of subsection (1) above shall be computed as from the date on which the decision of the appeal authority becomes final.

Section 37 (6.6.1980/407) Where a part of an international application has not been the subject of an international preliminary examination because the applicant has restricted the claims after being invited by the International Preliminary Examining Authority either to restrict his claims or to pay an additional fee, that part of the application not examined shall be deemed withdrawn before the Patent Authority unless the applicant pays the prescribed fee within two months of the date he received the corresponding notification from the Patent Authority.

Section 38 Where a receiving Office has refused to accord an international filing date to an international application or has stated that the application is to be deemed withdrawn or that designation of Finland is to be deemed withdrawn, the Patent Authority must review the decision if the applicant so requests. The same applies to any decision by the International Bureau to the effect that an application is deemed withdrawn. (18.11.2005/896)

A request for review under subsection (1) shall be filed with the International Bureau within the time limit laid down by the Government. Within that same time limit, the applicant shall file with the Patent Authority a translation of the application, to the extent prescribed by the Government, and shall pay the prescribed application fee. (10.5.1985/387)

Where the Patent Authority finds that the decision by the receiving Office or by the International Bureau was incorrect, it must examine the application as provided in Chapter 2. If the receiving Office has not accorded an international filing date, the application is to be deemed to have been filed on the date that the Patent Authority considers should have been accorded as the international filing date. Where the application satisfies the requirements as to form and contents laid down by the Patent Cooperation Treaty and its Regulations, it must be accepted in that respect. (18.11.2005/896)

The second sentence of the second subsection of section 2 shall apply to applications accepted for examination under the third subsection of this section if the application is made available to the public under section 22. (6.6.1980/407)

CHAPTER 4

The Scope and Term of a Patent

Section 39 The scope of protection conferred by a patent shall be determined by the claims. The description may serve as guidance for interpreting the claims.

Section 40 (6.6.1980/407) A granted patent may be maintained for 20 years from the date on which the application was filed.

A prescribed annual fee shall be payable for the patent in respect of each fee year beginning after the grant. If a patent is granted before annual fees for the application have become due under section 41, the proprietor of the patent shall also be required to pay annual fees for the fee years beginning prior to the grant of the patent, at the time the annual fee for the patent becomes due for the first time. (10.5.1985/387)

CHAPTER 5

Annual fees (10.5.1985/387)

Section 41 (10.5.1985/387) The annual fee shall be payable on the last day of the calendar month during which the fee year begins. The annual fees for the first two years, however, shall not become payable until the fee for the third fee year is due. Annual fees may not be paid earlier than six months before the due date.

For a later application under section 11, the annual fees for fee years which have begun before the date of receipt of the later application, or which begin within two months of the date of receipt, become in no event due until the last day of the second month following the date of receipt. The annual fees for an international application in respect of fee years which have begun before the date on which the application was pursued under section 31 or was taken up for processing under section 38 or which begin within two months of such date become in no event due until the last day of the month that falls two months after the date on which the application was pursued or otherwise prosecuted. (18.11.2005/896)

Annual fees, together with prescribed additional fees, shall be payable within the six months following the due date.

Section 42 (10.5.1985/387) Where the applicant or proprietor of the patent is the inventor and if he experiences serious difficulty in paying the annual fees, the Patent Authority may grant him respite in respect of payment if he makes a corresponding request no later than the date on which annual fees become due for the first time. Respite may be granted for up to three years at a time, but at most up to the third year that has elapsed following grant of the patent. A request for prolongation of respite must be made before the existing respite has expired.

If the request for respite or prolongation of respite is refused, any fee paid within two months of refusal shall be deemed to have been paid on time.

The annual fees for which respite of payment has been granted under subsection 1 may be paid together with the additional fee prescribed in section 41 (3) within the six months following the date up to which respite was granted.

CHAPTER 6

Assignment, Licences and Compulsory licences

Section 43 Where the proprietor of the patent has granted another person the right to exploit the invention commercially (a licence), the licensee shall not be entitled to assign his right to a further party, except as otherwise agreed.

Section 44 The transfer of patents and the grant of licences shall be recorded, on request, in the Patent Register. The same shall apply to the pledging of a patent.

If it is shown that a licence or a pledge recorded in the Patent Register is no longer in force, then the entry of the said licence or pledge shall be deleted from the Patent Register. (8.1.2016/23)

If a patent is subject to distraint, then the patent authority shall make an entry in the Patent Register to this effect on notification by the bailiff. (8.1.2016/23)

Subsections (1) and (2) shall apply mutatis mutandis to compulsory licences and to rights under section 53 (2). (8.1.2016/23)

The person last recorded in the Register as the patentee shall be deemed the proprietor for the purposes of law suits and for other matters concerning the patent. (8.1.2016/23)

If a person acting in good faith has requested the patent authority to record in the Patent Register that a patent has been assigned to him or her, or that he or she has obtained a licence under a patent or a pledge of a patent, prior assignment of the patent or rights therein shall not be enforceable against him or her if the other party has not previously requested registration as the assignee or proprietor of rights in the patent. (8.1.2016/23)

Section 45 Where three years have elapsed since the grant of the patent and four years have elapsed from the filing of the application, and if the invention is not worked or brought into use to a reasonable extent in Finland, any person who wishes to work the invention in Finland may obtain a compulsory licence to do so unless legitimate grounds for failing to work the invention may be shown. (22.12.1995/1695)

Subject to reciprocity, the Government may decree that, for the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, the working of an invention in a foreign State shall be deemed equivalent to working in this country.

Section 46 The proprietor of a patent for an invention whose exploitation is dependent on a patent held by another person may obtain a compulsory licence to exploit the invention protected by such patent if deemed reasonable in view of the importance of the first-mentioned invention or for other special reasons.

The proprietor of a patent in respect of which a compulsory licence is granted under subsection (1) of this section may obtain a compulsory licence to exploit the other invention unless there are special reasons to the contrary.

Section 46a (30.6.2000/650) Where a breeder cannot acquire or exploit a plant variety right without infringing a prior patent, he may apply for a compulsory licence for non-exclusive use of the invention protected by the patent inasmuch as the licence is necessary for the exploitation of the plant variety to be protected, subject to payment of an appropriate royalty. Where such a licence is granted, the holder of the patent will be entitled to a cross-licence on reasonable terms to use the protected variety.

Applicants for the licence referred to in subsection 1 above must demonstrate that they have applied unsuccessfully to the holder of the patent to obtain a contractual licence and that the plant variety constitutes significant technical progress of considerable economic interest compared with the invention claimed in the patent.

Provisions concerning the right of a patent holder to obtain a compulsory licence for the exploitation of a plant variety protected by plant breeder's right are laid down by the Act on Plant Breeders' Rights (No. 789/1992).

Section 47 In the event of considerable public interest, a person who wishes to exploit commercially an invention for which another person holds a patent may obtain a compulsory licence to do so.

Section 48 (8.1.2016/23) Any person who was commercially exploiting an invention in Finland that is the subject of a patent application at the time when the application documents were published is entitled, if the application results in a patent, to a compulsory licence for such exploitation, provided that there are special reasons for this, and also provided that he or she had no knowledge of the application and could not reasonably have learned of it. A person who, under corresponding conditions, has taken essential measures for the professional exploitation of the invention in Finland will also receive a compulsory license to use the invention. A compulsory licence may also relate to the time before a patent is granted.

Section 49 (22.12.1995/1695) A compulsory licence may only be granted to a person deemed to be in a position to exploit the invention in an acceptable manner and in accordance with the terms of the licence who, before filing a claim for a compulsory licence, has made a verifiable effort to obtain, on reasonable commercial terms, a licence to the patented invention. A compulsory licence shall not prevent the proprietor of the patent from exploiting the invention himself or from granting licences under the patent. A compulsory licence may only be transferred to a third party together with the business in which it is exploited or was intended to be exploited.

Section 50 (31.1.2013/101) Compulsory licences are granted by a court of law, which also decides the extent to which the invention may be exploited and determines the remuneration to be paid and any other conditions under the licence. In the event of a substantial change in the circumstances, the court may, at the request of the party concerned, revoke the compulsory licence or lay down new conditions.

The Market Court is the competent authority referred to in article 3(1) of the Regulation (EC) No 816/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on compulsory licensing of patents relating to the manufacture of pharmaceutical products for export to countries with public health problems.

CHAPTER 7

Limitation and Termination of the Patent

Section 51 (10.5.1985/387) If the annual fee under sections 40, 41 and 42 is not paid, the patent shall lapse as from the start of the fee year for which the fee has not been paid.

Section 52 (6.6.1980/407) The court shall declare a patent invalid, in a relevant action:
(1) if the patent relates to an invention that does not satisfy the requirements of sections 1, 1 a, 1 b, or 2;
(2) if the patent relates to an invention the description of which is not sufficiently clear to enable a person skilled in the art to carry out the invention;
(3) if the patent contains subject matter not included in the application as filed; or
(4) if the scope of protection was extended after the notice referred to in section 19 (1) was given. (30.6.2000/650)

In connection with the invalidation process of a patent, the patent holder may request the Court to limit the patent in accordance with the amended patent claims. The request for limitation shall be presented before the case is transferred to the main hearing. If the request for limitation is presented, the issue concerning it must be solved separately before continuing the invalidation process. The limitation must meet the requirements under section 53b. If the Court approves the request for limitation, the patent limited in this manner shall make the basis for continuation of the process. A decision regarding the request for limitation may only be appealed against in connection with the Court decision concerning the action. (18.11.2005/896)

A patent may not be declared invalid on the grounds that the patentee was entitled to a specified part of it only.

Legal proceedings may also be instituted, with the exception laid down in subsection (5) of this section, by any person who suffers prejudice on account of the patent, or, where the common interest is considered to require it, by a public authority appointed by the Government for reasons of public interest. (18.11.2005/896)

Proceedings instituted on the grounds that a patent has been granted to a person other than the person entitled to it under the provisions of section 1 may only be instituted by the person claiming entitlement to the patent. Such proceedings shall be brought within one year after the entitled person gained knowledge of the grant of the patent and of any other circumstances on which the proceedings are founded. Proceedings may not be instituted more than three years after the grant of the patent where the proprietor of the patent acted in good faith at the time the patent was granted or assigned to him. (18.11.2005/896)

Section 53 Where a patent has been granted to a person other than the person entitled to the patent under section 1 and where proceedings are instituted by that entitled party, the court shall transfer the patent to that party. Section 52 (5) shall apply with respect to the time limit within which proceedings shall be instituted. (18.11.2005/896)

Where the person deprived of the patent had, in good faith, begun commercial exploitation of the invention in this country or had made substantial preparations for exploitation, he shall be entitled, against reasonable remuneration and on other reasonable terms, to continue the exploitation already begun or to commence the intended exploitation, provided that its general nature is maintained. Subject to the same conditions, a holder of a licence recorded in the Patent Register shall have the same rights.

Rights under subsection (2) of this section may only be transferred to third parties together with the business in which they are exploited or in which exploitation was planned.

Section 53a (18.11.2005/896) The holder of a patent may apply for the limitation of the patent by filing a written request in respect of it to the Patent Authority. The request for limitation must contain:
(1) the name and address of the patent holder;
(2) the registration number of the patent;
(3) the limited patent claims, as well as the description and drawings, if they have been amended;
(4) if the patent holder has appointed a representative, the name, domicile and address of the representative: and
(5) the handling fee.

If the provisions in subsection (1) are not complied with, the Patent Authority invites the applicant to remedy the deficiencies within a given time limit. If the invitation is not complied with within the time limit given, the request will be rejected. The applicant is entitled to appeal from such decision.

If the opposition procedure has not been completed, or an invalidation action under section 52 is pending in Court, the request will not be admitted. The handling fee paid by the applicant is in this case returned to him or her.

If an opposition is filed against a patent or an action is brought for invalidation of the patent after a request for limitation but before the decision concerning the limitation gains legal force, the limitation procedure is terminated.

Section 53b (18.11.2005/896) The condition for acceptance of a request to limit a patent before a Patent Authority or a Court is that the patent to be limited in accordance with the request meets the following conditions:
(1) the patent refers to an invention which is presented with sufficient clarity for a person skilled in the art to use the invention;
(2) the patent does not involve anything that does not appear from the application when it was filed; and
(3) the scope of protection of the patent has not been extended from the scope of protection of the patent granted or from the previously taken decision of the scope of protection.

Section 53c (18.11.2005/896) If a patent holder has requested from the European Patent Office the limitation of the patent in accordance with article 105 a of the European Patent Convention (Finnish Treaty Series 8/1996), the Patent Authority shall postpone the processing of the request for limitation under 53a(1) until the European Patent Convention has taken a final decision in the matter.

If the patent holder has requested from the European Patent Office the termination of the patent in accordance with Article 105 a of the European Patent Convention, the Patent Authority must postpone the handling of the cancellation procedure under section 54 until the European Patent Convention has taken a final decision in the matter.

If the patent has been seized or a dispute is pending on the transfer of the patent, the Patent Authority must postpone the handling of the request under 53a(1) and the notice under section 54 until the seizure has lapsed or a final decision has been taken on the dispute concerning the transfer of the patent.

Section 53d (18.11.2005/896) If the Patent Authority considers that there is an obstacle to the approval of the request under 53a(1), the patent holder must be provided an opportunity to give his statement in the matter. If the Patent Authority, notwithstanding the statement, considers that the request cannot be granted, the statement must be refused and the patent remained in force in a non-amended form. The patent holder is entitled to appeal from the final decision of the Patent Authority, if the decision is against him.

If the Patent Authority considers that there is no obstacle to the grant of a request under 53a(1), the patent shall be limited in accordance with the request. A public notice in accordance with section 55 must be given of the decision to approve the limitation. The Patent Authority must, from the date of giving public notice, keep available to the public the amended patent publication, which contains the description of the limited patent, drawings, if any, and the limited patent claims as well as an announcement of the patent holder. The Patent Authority must see to it that the limited patent claims are, where necessary, available in both Finnish and Swedish. The applicant must pay an established translation fee.

Section 53e (18.11.2005/896) The legally valid decision under 53d(2) concerning the approval of the limitation taken by the Patent Authority and the legally valid decision under 53d(2) to limit the patent, taken by the Court, will be in force as from the filing date of the patent application.

Section 53f (18.11.2005/893) If the patent holder withdraws the request for limitation under section 53a(1), the limitation procedure will be discontinued finally starting from the said date.

The request for limitation may not be cancelled once the final decision to approve the limitation has been taken.

Section 54 Where the proprietor of a patent surrenders his patent in writing to the Patent Authority, that Authority shall declare the patent to be terminated in its entirety. The patent will be considered to have expired as from the filing date of the patent application. The patent holder is entitled to appeal from the final decision taken by the Patent Authority, if the decision is against him. (18.11.2005/896)

Where a patent is in distraint or if a litigation is pending on the transfer of a patent, the patent may not be declared terminated while the distraint is effective or before a final decision is given in the proceedings. The same shall apply if a pledge has been recorded in the Patent Register.

Section 55 (18.11.2005/896) Where a patent has lapsed, expired or been limited, or when it has been declared invalid by a final court decision, or been transferred, the Patent Authority shall publish an announcement of that fact.

CHAPTER 8

Obligation to Provide Information

Section 56 An applicant who invokes his patent application against another person before the documents in the application file have become available under section 22 shall be required, on request, to allow such person to have access to the documents. If the patent application includes the deposit of a biological material under section 8a, such consent shall also include the right to obtain a sample of the deposit. The second and third sentences of subsection (6) and subsections (7)and (8)of section 22 shall apply in the event of a person wishing to obtain a sample on the basis of such consent. (30.6.2000/650)

Any person who indicates in addressing himself directly to other persons or in announcements or by markings on goods or their packaging or in any other way that a patent has been applied for or granted, without at the same time indicating the number of the application or the patent, shall be required, on request, to furnish such number without delay. Where it is not explicitly stated that a patent has been applied for or granted, but the circumstances are such as to create the impression that this is the case, information as to whether a patent has been applied for or granted shall be given on request without delay.

CHAPTER 9

Liability, Obligation to Pay Compensation and Court Proceedings

Section 57 (21.4.1995/717) The court may forbid any person who infringes the exclusive right afforded by a patent (patent infringement) from continuing or repeating the act.

If a patent infringement is committed intentionally, then the perpetrator shall be sentenced to a fine for violating a patent. A person who, contrary to the provisions of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court concluded in Brussels on 19 February 2013, intentionally infringes the right conferred by a European patent that falls within the scope of the said Agreement will also be sentenced for violating a patent. No sentence is issued for violating a patent if the act is punishable as an industrial property right offence referred to in chapter 49, section 2 of the Criminal Code (39/1889). (8.1.2016/23)

Indictment for violation of a patent right may be brought by the prosecutor at the request only of the injured party. (13.5.2011/478)

Section 57a (22.12.1995/1695) If a patent has been granted for a process for obtaining a product, any identical product produced without the consent of the proprietor of the patent shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be deemed to have been obtained by the patented process. In the adduction of proof to the contrary, the legitimate interests of defendants in protecting their manufacturing and business secrets shall be taken into account.

Section 57b When hearing an action referred to in section 57(1) the court may at the patent holder’s request prohibit the keeper of a transmitter, server or other similar device or other service provider acting as an intermediary, under penalty of a fine, from continuing the use alleged to infringe the patent (injunction order) unless it can be considered disproportionate in view of the rights of the alleged infringer of the patent or in view of the rights of the intermediary or patent holder. (21.7.2006/684)

Before the bringing of an action referred to in section 57(1), the court may, at the patent proprietor’s request, issue an injunction if the preconditions for it set out in subsection 1 exist and if it is obvious that the patent proprietor’s rights otherwise would be seriously endangered. The court must provide both for the party against whom the injunction is sought and for the party who is claimed to infringe the patent an opportunity to be heard. Communications to the party against whom the injunction has been sought may be delivered by mail, facsimile or email. (31.1.2013/101)

The court may, on request, issue the injunction referred to in subsection (2) as an interlocutory injunction without hearing the alleged infringer, if the urgency of the case of necessity requires that. The injunction remains in force until ordered otherwise. After the injunction is issued, the alleged infringer must without delay be provided an opportunity to be heard. When the alleged infringer has been heard, the court must decide without delay whether to keep the injunction in force or withdraw it. (21.7.2006/684)

An injunction issued under this section must not endanger the right of a third party to send and receive messages. The injunction comes into force when the applicant lodges with the bailiff security referred to in Chapter 8, section 2, of the Enforcement Code (705/2007). The provisions of Chapter 7, section 7, of the Code of Judicial Procedure apply to the possibility to be released from lodging security. An injunction issued under subsection (2) or (3) above lapses if the action referred to in section 57(1) is not brought before a court within a month from the issuance of the injunction. (31.1.2013/101)

The party who has demanded the injunction must compensate the party against whom the injunction is issued as well as the alleged infringer for the damage caused by the implementation of the injunction and for any other costs resulting from the case if the action referred to in section 57(1) is rejected or ruled inadmissible, or if the processing of the case is removed from the cause list because the plaintiff has abandoned his/her action or failed to arrive to the court. The same applies if the injunction is withdrawn under subsection (3) or lapses under subsection (4). When an action is brought for compensation for damage and costs, the provisions of Chapter 7, section 12, of the Code of Judicial Procedure apply. (21.7.2006/684)

Section 58 Any person who intentionally or negligently infringes a patent shall be liable to pay reasonable compensation for the exploitation of the invention and damages for other injury caused by the infringement. In the case of slight negligence, the compensation may be adjusted accordingly.

A person found guilty of patent infringement that is neither intentional nor negligent shall pay compensation for the exploitation of the invention if and to the extent held reasonable.

Compensation proceedings for patent infringement shall only refer to damage during the last five years prior to institution of proceedings. The right to compensation for damage suffered prior to that period shall lapse.

Section 59 At the request of the party injured by patent infringement, the court may order, to the extent deemed reasonable for the prevention of further infringement, that patented products manufactured without the consent of the proprietor of the patent, or objects whose use would constitute patent infringement, shall be altered in a specified manner or be impounded for the remainder of the term of the patent or be destroyed or, in the case of patented products, be surrendered against payment of their value to the injured party. This provision shall not apply to anyone who has acquired such objects of property or special rights in respect of such objects in good faith and who has not himself infringed the patent.

The objects of property referred to in subsection (1) may be seized if it is reasonable to assume that the offence referred to in section 2 of chapter 49 of the Criminal Code or in section 57 of this act has been committed. In such case, the provisions on seizure in the Coercive Measures Act (806/2011) shall be complied with. (22.7.2011/863).

Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the court may order, on request, if there are special reasons for this, that the holders of objects referred to in subsection (1) shall be able to dispose of the objects for the remainder of the patent term or for a part thereof, against reasonable compensation and on reasonable conditions.

Section 60 (21.3.1997/243) Where any person commercially exploits an invention which is the subject of a patent application after the application documents have been made available under section 22, the provisions on patent infringement shall apply mutatis mutandis, if the application results in a patent. However, until a patent has been granted under section 20, protection shall extend only to the subject matter disclosed both in the claims as worded when the application became available to the public and in the claims according to the patent. There shall be no liability to punishment, and damages arising from exploitation prior to the granting of the patent may be assessed only on the basis of section 58 (2).

If the description, abstract and claims are drawn up in English, the protection under subsection (1) will apply only after the claims have been submitted to the Patent Authority in Finnish or Swedish translation. (17.6.2011/743)

The provisions of section 58(3) concerning damages do not apply if action for compensation is brought within one year of the period for lodging an opposition concerning the patent or, if an opposition has been lodged, within a year from the date of a final decision to maintain the patent. (18.11.2005/896)

Section 60a (21.7.2006/684) In a dispute that concerns an infringement of a patent the court may, at the plaintiff’s request, order the defendant to compensate the plaintiff for the cost occurred to him/her for publishing, by taking suitable measures, information concerning the final decision in which the defendant is found to have infringed the patent right. Such an order may not be given if the dissemination of the information is limited elsewhere in the law. In considering the issuance and contents of the order, the court must pay attention to the general significance of the publication of the issue, the kind and scope of the infringement, the costs involved in the publishing process and other corresponding facts.

The court lays down a maximum amount for the reasonable publishing cost to be paid by the defendant. The plaintiff is not entitled to the compensation if information about the decision has not been published within a period laid down by the court counted from the date when the final decision was issued.

Section 61 If a patent has been revoked by a final decision or declared invalid by a final decision, no punishment, compensation or other sanction laid down in section 57, 57 a, 57 b, 58-60 or 60 a may be imposed. (21.7.2006/684)

Subsection 2 repealed 1 September 2013 (101/2013)

In a case concerning invalidation of a patent, the court may, at its discretion, postpone the taking of a decision on a principal claim referred to in section 1 of Chapter 24 of the Procedural Code if the action has been brought in a competent court before the expiry of the time limit for lodging an opposition after the grant of the patent or before a final decision has been issued on the opposition. (21.3.1997/243)

Section 62 Any person who by intention or negligence, other than slight negligence, fails to comply with section 56 shall be sentenced to a fine.

Any person who, in the instances described in section 56, provides incorrect information shall also be sentenced to the same penalty, unless the offence is punishable under the Penal Code.

Indictment for an offence referred to in this section may be brought by the prosecutor only at the request of the injured party. (13.5.2011/478)

Section 63 The proprietor of a patent or any person authorized to exploit an invention under licence may bring an action before the court for a declaratory judgment to establish whether he enjoys protection against other parties on the basis of the patent in the event of uncertainty that may be prejudicial to him.

Any person who carries on or intends to carry on a commercial activity may, subject to the same conditions, bring an action against the proprietor of the patent to obtain a declaratory judgment to determine whether the patent constitutes an obstacle to such activity.

Subsection 3 repealed 1 September 2013 (101/2013)

Section 64 (8.1.2016/23)

Disputes and applications based on this Act are heard at the Market Court.

The Market Court also hears cases concerning the right to an invention for which the European patent referred to in the European Patent Convention (Finnish Treaty Series 8/1996) has been sought. A condition of hearing such a case at the Market Court is that the defendant or the plaintiff is domiciled in Finland, and that the defendant is not domiciled in a country that is a party to the European Patent Convention. A case is also heard at the Market Court if the parties to a dispute have agreed that the Market Court has jurisdiction in the case.

The dispute referred to in subsection 2 above may not be heard at the Market Court if the same dispute between the same parties is pending before a court in another country that is a party to the European Patent Convention. If the jurisdiction of the said foreign court has been contested, then the Market Court shall defer consideration of the case until the foreign Court has finally settled the question of jurisdiction.

Separate provisions or regulations govern the international jurisdiction of the Market Court in other respects.

Provisions on the consideration of disputes and applications at the Market Court are laid down in the Market Court Proceedings Act.

Section 64a (8.1.2016/23) A final judgement issued by a court of a state party to the European Patent Convention in a dispute referred to in section 64, subsection 2 is enforceable in Finland. A judgement concerning an applicant for a European patent is nevertheless not enforceable in Finland if the writ of summons has not been duly served on the said applicant, or if he or she has not been afforded sufficient time to prepare for legal proceedings.

Section 65 (8.1.2016/23) In addition to the Market Court, the Unified Patent Court also hears cases concerning the European patent referred to in this Act, as stipulated in the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court.

Lis pendens and related actions between the Market Court and the Unified Patent Court are governed by Regulation (EU) No 1215/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters.

The Market Court may not take up any case that falls under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Unified Patent Court under the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court.

Section 65a Repealed 8 January 2016 (23/2016)

Section 65b (31.1.2013/101) In a dispute under this Act, if the whole patent specification is not available in Finnish or in Swedish with the Patent Authority, the court may require the patent proprietor or other party authorised by the patent proprietor to exercise the right of action as regards the patent, to submit a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the patent specification. If the party required to submit the translation is the plaintiff in the case, the court may require the translation to be submitted or else the case will be dismissed. If the party required to submit the translation is the defendant in the case, the court may require the translation to be submitted or else the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the defendant.

Section 65c (17.6.2011/743) If the description and claims are drawn up in English and the translation of them does not correspond to the documents in English, the patent protection will only extend to that which is evident from both the translation and the documents in English jointly.

If the description and claims are drawn up in English and the language of decisions is English, the documents in the language of decisions are, in invalidation proceedings referred to in section 52, the sole authentic texts.

Section 66 (31.1.2013/101) An indictment for the industrial property right offence referred to in chapter 49, section 2 of the Criminal Code, arising from infringement of the exclusive right conferred by a patent, and for the patent infringement referred to in section 57, subsection 2 and the offence referred to in section 62 of this Act is heard at the District Court of Helsinki. (8.1.2016/23)

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 64, a claim for compensation for the indicted offence pursuant to section 58 and a claim under section 59 may be heard when hearing the indictment referred to in subsection 1 above. (8.1.2016/23)

A civil claim arising from a criminal offence cannot be heard in connection with the criminal case if the Unified Patent Court has exclusive jurisdiction to hear the matter under the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court. (8.1.2016/23)

The court remains competent to examine a claim referred to in subsection 2 even if the circumstances on which its competence is based change after the claim is being made. (8.1.2016/23)

Section 66 a (31.1.2013/101) In a criminal case referred to in section 66, the court may require the injured party to submit a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the patent specification, if it is not available in whole in Finnish or in Swedish with the Patent Authority. When the case at hand is a criminal case brought up by the public prosecutor, where the injured party exercises their right of action, the court may require a translation to be submitted or else the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the injured party. When the case at hand is a criminal case brought up by the injured party alone, the court may require a translation to be submitted or else the case will be dismissed.

Section 66 b  (31.1.2013/101) The provisions of Chapter 4, section 22, of the Act on the Judicial Proceedings at the Market Court, on the right of the Market Court to request a statement, apply to the right of the court hearing a case referred to in section 66 above, to request a statement from the Patent Authority.

Section 66 c (25.8.2016/717) When hearing a case referred to in section 66, the District Court may be assisted by a maximum of two expert members referred to in chapter 17, section 10, subsection 2 of the Courts Act (673/2016).

Chapter 17, section 22 of the Courts Act applies to the entitlement of the experts to a fee.

Section 66 d  (31.1.2013/101) The provisions of Chapter 4, section 23, of the Act on the Judicial Proceedings at the Market Court, on the obligation of the Market Court to notify of its decisions, apply to the obligation of the court hearing a case referred to in section 66 above, to notify the Patent Authority of a decision.

Sections 67-70 Repealed 1 September 2013 (101/2013)

CHAPTER 9a

Supplementary Protection Certificates (21.3.1997/243)

Section 70a (17.6.2011/743) Provisions on Supplementary Protection Certificates are given in the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 469/2009 providing for the supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products and in the European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) No 1610/96 concerning the adoption of a supplementary protection certificate for plant protection products. In addition, the provisions of this chapter are applicable to supplementary protection certificates.

Section 70b (8.1.2016/23) An application for a supplementary protection certificate and for an extension of the duration of a supplementary protection certificate for medicinal products is submitted to the Finnish Patent and Registration Office. A supplementary protection certificate issued by the Finnish Patent and Registration Office has legal effects in Finland.

Section 70c (17.6.2011/743) The applicant must pay the prescribed application fee. The proprietor of the certificate must pay the prescribed annual fee for the supplementary protection certificate.

The provisions of subsection (1) are applicable on fees for applications for the extension of the duration of supplementary protection certificates for medicinal products, and on the extended supplementary protection certificates, extended upon application.

Section 70d (8.1.2016/23) A supplementary protection certificate confers the same rights as a patent, and is subject to the same restrictions and obligations.

Section 70e (17.6.2011/743) More specific provisions concerning the implementation of the provisions of this Chapter and the procedure to be followed in applying for and granting supplementary protection certificates and extensions of them may be issued by government decree.

CHAPTER 9b

European Patent and Application for European Patent (22.12.1995/1695)

Section 70f (22.12.1995/1695) For the purposes of this Act, a European patent is a patent which has been granted by the European Patent Office under the European Patent Convention. A European patent application is a patent application filed under said Convention.

A European patent may be granted as having effect in Finland.

An application for a European patent shall be filed with the European Patent Office. Such application may also be filed with the Finnish Patent Authority to be transmitted by the Patent Authority to the European Patent Office. However, European patent applications relating to inventions referred to in the Act on Inventions of Importance to the Defense of the Country (No. 551/67) shall be filed with the Finnish Patent Authority. Applications referred to in Article 76 of said Convention (European divisional applications) shall always be filed with the European Patent Office.

The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to European patents and European patent applications designating Finland.

Section 70g (22.12.1995/1695) A European patent is granted when the European Patent Office has announced its decision to allow the patent application. The European patent having effect in Finland has the same legal effect as a patent granted by the Finnish Patent Authority and is also otherwise subject to the same conditions as such patent, unless otherwise provided for in this Chapter.

If a case concerning a European patent is heard at the Unified Patent Court, then the protection that it confers is determined in Part I, Chapter V of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court. (8.1.2016/23)

Section 70h A European patent has no legal effects in Finland unless, within three months of the date on which the European Patent Office announced the granting of the European patent, the proprietor has furnished the patent authority with the translation of the said European patent referred to in subsection 3 and paid the confirmed fee for publishing the translation. If the European Patent Office has ruled that a European patent is to be maintained with amended wording, then the foregoing also applies with respect to the amended documents. (8.1.2016/23)

Notwithstanding the time limit imposed in subsection 1 above, a European patent has legal effects in Finland if the measures referred to in subsection 1 are taken within three months of the legally final refusal of a request for registration of unitary patent protection pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection. (8.1.2016/23)

A translation of the claims into Finnish must be submitted. If the patent has been granted in German or French, the description and possible drawings must be submitted in Finnish or English translation. The description with possible drawings may always be submitted in Finnish translation. If the patent proprietor’s own language is Swedish, the above translations may be in Swedish. (17.6.2011/743)

The translation is public provided that the European Patent Office has published the application for a European patent or the mention of the grant of the European patent. (17.6.2011/743)

If a translation has been supplied and the fee for publishing the translation has been paid within the time limit and if the European Patent Office has published the mention of the grant of the European patent or its maintenance in amended form, the Patent Authority must without delay issue an announcement to that effect in Finnish and Swedish. The Patent Authority must make the translation available to the public as soon as possible. The Patent Authority must see to it that the claims of the European patent are, when necessary, available in Finnish and Swedish. (17.6.2011/743)

Section 70i (8.1.2016/23) Section 71a, subsection 1 shall apply correspondingly to the provision of a translation in accordance with section 70h, subsection 1 or 2, and to payment of the publication fee for the translation. If it is decided under section 71a, subsection 1 that the measure is to be deemed completed within the prescribed time limit, then the Patent Authority shall issue an announcement to this effect in both Finnish and Swedish without delay.

Anyone who has begun using an invention in good faith commercially in Finland following the expiry of the time limit under section 70h, subsection 1 or 2, but before publication of the announcement under subsection 1, or has made substantial preparations to do so, enjoys the right provided in section 71c, subsections 2 and 3.

Section 70j (22.12.1995/1695) The provisions of section 52(1)(4), concerning extension of scope of patent protection, shall also apply to a European patent if the scope of patent protection has been extended after the grant of the European patent.

Section 70k (22.12.1995/1695) If the European Patent Office has revoked a European patent in its entirety or in part, this revocation shall have effect as if the patent in this country were declared invalid to the corresponding extent. The Finnish Patent Authority shall without delay announce the revocation both in Finnish and Swedish.

Section 70l (22.12.1995/1695) Prescribed annual fees shall be paid for each fee year beginning after the year in which the European Patent Office announced its decision to allow the patent application.

The provisions of section 51 shall apply if no annual fee is paid for a European patent in accordance with subsection 1 and section 41. The first annual fee nevertheless only falls due for payment on the last day of the third month following the month in which the patent was granted. When applying section 70h, subsection 2, the first annual fee also only falls due for payment on the last day of the month that falls three months after the date when a decision to refuse registration of unitary patent protection became legally final. (8.1.2016/23)

Section 70m (18.11.2005/896) A European patent application which has been accorded a filing date by the European Patent Office has the same effect in this country as a Finnish patent application filed on the same date. If the application under the European Patent Convention enjoys priority from a date earlier than the filing date, such priority also has effect in Finland.

For the purposes of section 2(2), the publication of a European patent application pursuant to Article 93 of the European Patent Convention shall be equivalent to the application becoming available to the public pursuant to section 22. This shall also apply to publication referred to in Article 153(3) of the Convention, if said publication is ruled by the European Patent Office to be equivalent to publication pursuant to Article 93.

Section 70n (22.12.1995/1695) If a European patent application has been published under Article 93 of the European Patent Convention and a translation into Finnish of the patent claims as worded when published has been filed with the Patent Authority, the Patent Authority shall make the translation available to anyone and make an announcement in Finnish and Swedish to this effect. If the applicant's own language is Swedish, the translation may, however, be filed in Swedish. The Patent Authority shall see to it that the published patent claims are, where necessary, available to the public in Finnish and Swedish.

If anyone uses an invention commercially for which patent protection is sought by a European patent application after the announcement under subsection (1) has been made, the provisions concerning patent infringement apply correspondingly if the application results in a patent for Finland. In such case, however, the patent protection only extends to that revealed in both the patent claims as worded when published and the claims according to the patent. Punishment cannot be imposed in this case and damages for such use may only be determined under section 58(2). (18.11.2005/896)

The provisions of section 58 (3) shall not apply if the action for compensation is brought within one year after the period for opposition against the patent has expired or, if opposition has been lodged, within one year after the decision by the European Patent Office to maintain the patent.

Section 70o (22.12.1995/1695) If a European patent application or request that such application shall designate Finland has been withdrawn, this shall have the same effect as withdrawal of a national patent application. The same shall apply in respect of a situation where an application under the European Patent Convention shall be deemed to have been withdrawn and where processing of the application has not been resumed pursuant to Article 121 of the Convention.

If a European patent application has been rejected, this shall have the same effect as rejection of a national patent application.

Section 70p In a dispute, under this Act, over a European patent, if the whole patent specification is not available in Finnish or in Swedish with the Patent Authority, the court may require the patent proprietor or other party authorised by the patent proprietor to exercise the right of action as regards the patent, to submit a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the patent specification. If the party required to submit the translation is the plaintiff in the case, the court may require the translation to be submitted or else the case will be dismissed. If the party required to submit the translation is the defendant in the case, the court may require the translation to be submitted or else the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the defendant. (31.1.2013/101)

In a criminal case, referred to in section 66, over a European patent, a court may require the injured party to submit a translation into Finnish or Swedish of the patent specification, if it is not available in whole in Finnish or in Swedish with the Patent Authority. When the case at hand is a criminal case brought up by the public prosecutor, where the injured party exercises their right of action, the court may require a translation to be submitted or else the translation will be commissioned at the cost of the injured party. When the case at hand is a criminal case brought up by the injured party alone, the court may require a translation to be submitted or else the case will be dismissed. (31.1.2013/101)

If the translation referred to in section 70h or 70n does not coincide with the wording of the documents in the language of the proceedings before the European Patent Office, the patent protection shall only extend to that which is evident from both texts. (22.12.1995/1695)

In the revocation proceedings referred to in section 52, the text in the language of the proceedings shall be the sole authentic text. (22.12.1995/1695)

Section 70q (22.12.1995/1695) If the applicant or the proprietor of a patent files with the Patent Authority a correction of the translation referred to in section 70h and pays the prescribed fee for publishing the corrected translation, the corrected translation shall apply in place of the original translation. Once the correction has been filed and the fee paid, and if the original translation is available to anyone, the Patent Authority shall without delay announce said correction in Finnish and Swedish and, as soon as possible, make copies of the corrected translation obtainable from the Patent Authority.

If the applicant files a correction of the translation referred to in section 70n, the Patent Authority shall without delay make an announcement of the correction in Finnish and Swedish and keep the corrected translation available to anyone. After the announcement the corrected translation shall apply in place of the original translation.

If anyone, before the corrected translation became valid, has, in good faith, begun to use the invention commercially in this country in a manner which according to the earlier translation did not constitute infringement of the right of the applicant or of the proprietor of the patent, or has made substantial preparations therefor, he shall enjoy the right specified in section 71c (2) and (3).

Section 70r (22.12.1995/1695) If the applicant or the proprietor of a patent has failed to observe the time limit prescribed in the European Patent Convention, but the European Patent Office, nevertheless, under Article 122 declares that no loss of right has ensued, this shall have the same effect also in Finland.

If anyone, after the loss of right has ensued but prior to the announcement by the European Patent Office of the declaration referred to in subsection (1), began, in good faith, to use the invention commercially in this country or made substantial preparations therefor, he shall enjoy the right specified in section 71c (2) and (3).

Section 70s (22.12.1995/1695) If a European patent application which has been filed with a national patent authority shall be deemed to be withdrawn because the European Patent Office did not receive it within the prescribed time limit from the national patent authority that received the application, at the request of the applicant, the Patent Authority shall take up the application as converted to a national application, provided:
(1) that the request is filed with the authority which received the patent application within three months from when the applicant was notified by the European Patent Office that the application was deemed withdrawn;
(2) that the request is received by the Finnish Patent Authority within 20 months from the date of filing of the application or, if priority is claimed, the day from which priority is claimed; and
(3) the applicant pays, within the prescribed time limit, the prescribed application fee and files a translation, pursuant to section 8(5), of the patent application.

If a European patent application shall be deemed to be withdrawn because the European Patent Office did not receive the translation in the language of the proceedings within the prescribed time limit, at the request of the applicant, the Patent Authority shall take up the application as converted into an application for a national patent, in compliance with the provisions of Article 135 of the European Patent Convention. The applicant shall also pay the prescribed application fee and file the translation of the patent application according to section 8 (5) within the prescribed time limit. (18.11.2005/896)

If the patent application referred to in subsections (1) and (2) above fulfills the requirements regarding the form of the application laid down in the European Patent Convention and its Implementing Regulations, it shall be accepted in this respect.

Section 70t (18.11.2005/896) A request made in accordance with Article 105 a of the European Patent Convention to limit or revoke a European patent shall be made to the European Patent Office.

Where the European Patent Office has made an announcement of the limitation of the patent, the patent holder shall, within a time limit to be laid down by Government decree, file a translation of the documents forming the basis for the limitation in the language in which the original patent was validated in Finland, and pay the established fee for publication of the translation as more specifically decreed by the Government. The Patent Authority shall without delay make an announcement of this in both Finnish and Swedish and keep copies of the translation available to the public. The Patent Authority shall see to that the limited patent claims of the European patent are, where necessary, available in both Finnish and Swedish.

If the patent holder does not comply with the provisions of subsection (2), the patent shall be deemed not to be valid in Finland as from the filing date of the patent application. The patent authority shall publish an announcement of the invalidity of the patent.

Where the European Patent Office has published an announcement of the cancellation of the patent, the Patent Authority shall publish an announcement of the cancellation in the Patent Gazette.

A patent limited or cancelled by the European Patent Office shall in this country enjoy the same legal effect as a nationally limited or cancelled patent, unless otherwise provided for in this Chapter.

Section 70u (18.11.2005/896) If a person has in good faith began to commercially exploit an invention in this country or taken essential measures for that purpose after the decision taken by the Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, but before the publication of the decision of the enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, that person may, despite the patent, continue the use while retaining its general character.

The right referred to in subsection (1) above may be transferred to another only together with the business where it has been created or where the exploitation is meant to occur.

CHAPTER 9c (8.1.2016/23)

European patent with unitary effect

Section 70v (8.1.2016/23) For the purposes of this Act, European patent with unitary effect means a patent that has been granted by the European Patent Office in accordance with the European Patent Convention, and which has unitary effect on the basis of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection and of Council Regulation (EU) No 1260/2012 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection with regard to the applicable translation arrangements.

The unitary effect of a European patent is entered in the register of unitary patent protection managed by the European Patent Office.

The protection conferred by a European patent with unitary effect is determined in Part I, Chapter V of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court.

The provisions of this Act apply to a European patent with unitary effect only where separately provided in this Act.

Section 70x (8.1.2016/23) The provisions of section 4 regarding the right of prior use, the provisions of sections 45–50 regarding a compulsory licence, and the provisions regarding supplementary protection certificates in accordance with sections 70a–70d apply to a European patent with unitary effect, as they apply to Finland.

The provisions of sections 43 and 44 on assignment and licence, and on pledge, and the provisions of section 52, subsection 5 and of section 53, apply to a European patent with unitary effect that is treated as an object of property as a Finnish national patent throughout its entire validity territory under Article 7 of Regulation (EU) No 1257/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection.

The entries concerning the European patent with unitary effect referred to in section 44 above are made in the register of unitary patent protection managed by the European Patent Office.

Section 70y (8.1.2016/23) Measures taken by the proprietor under section 70h have no legal effects when unitary effect has been registered for a European patent.

If the patent authority has announced the furnishing of a translation in accordance with section 70h, subsection 5, then in the circumstances referred to in subsection 1 the patent authority shall immediately announce that measures taken by the proprietor under section 70h have no legal effects. The patent authority shall make entries to this effect in the Patent Register, and shall remove from public access any translations furnished in accordance with section 70h, subsection 5.

CHAPTER 10

Special Provisions

Section 71 The proprietor of a patent who is not domiciled in Finland shall be required to appoint a representative residing in the European Economic Area with authority to receive service of writs of indictment or summonses and other documents in proceedings and matters concerning the patent, with the exception of writs of indictment in penal cases and of summonses to appear personally before a court. The name of the representative appointed shall be communicated for recording in the Patent Register. (30.6.2000/650)

If the proprietor of a patent has not appointed a representative pursuant to subsection (1)above, notification can be effected by sending the document to be served to him by registered mail to his address as recorded in the Patent Register. If no address is recorded in the Register, notification can be effected by announcement in the patent gazette. Notification shall be deemed to have been effected when the procedure described herein has been completed. (21.3.1997/243)

Subject to reciprocity, the Government may decree that the subsections (1) and (2)above shall not apply to the proprietor of a patent domiciled in a specified foreign country, or to the proprietor of a patent having a representative domiciled in such country, provided the name of the representative is communicated for recording in the Patent Register of Finland and is authorized as prescribed in subsection (1) above.

If it has not been possible to notify the person who has filed an opposition of a decision concerning the opposition at the address he has furnished, notification may be effected by announcement in the patent gazette. Notification shall be deemed to have been effected when the procedure described herein has been completed. (21.3.1997/243)

Section 71a (18.11.2005/896) If a patent applicant or the proprietor of a patent, in a case other than the one referred to in subsection (2), has suffered loss of rights because he or she has not taken action before the Patent Authority within the time limit laid down in this Act or its Regulations, but has taken all due care required by the circumstances to observe the time limit, and if that person takes such action within two months of the time at which the cause of his or her non-compliance ceases–and in any event not later than one year after expiration of the time limit–the Patent Authority must declare that the act is to be deemed to have been done within the prescribed time limit. If the applicant or the proprietor of a patent wishes to obtain such declaration, the applicant or the proprietor must inform the Patent Authority about it in writing within the time limits laid down for taking the action, and pay the prescribed fee.

If a patent applicant has suffered loss of rights in the observation of the time limit under section 6(1), the provisions of subsection (1) will apply, provided that the request is filed and the prescribed fee paid not later than within two months from the time limit prescribed in section 6(1).

Subsections (1) and (2) of this section also apply to international applications which have been pursued in Finland as regards the time limit to be observed concerning the receiving Office, the International Searching Authority, the International Preliminary Examining Authority or the International Bureau of WIPO. Failure to observe that time limit must then be remedied at the Patent Authority.

However, a request filed in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1), (2) or (3) may not be refused, nor may its admittance be refused, until the patent applicant or proprietor has been given an opportunity to file his or her comments in the time limit laid down by the Patent Authority.

Section 71b (6.6.1980/407) Where, in those cases referred to in sections 31 or 38, a document or a fee sent by mail has not been received by the Patent Authority within the prescribed time limit, but where the applicant performs the required act within two months of the time at which he realized or should have realized that the time limit has been exceeded, but in no event later than one year after expiration of the time limit, the Patent Authority shall declare that the act is to be deemed to have been done within the prescribed time limit:
(1) if the postal service was interrupted at any time during the 10 days preceding the time limit on account of war, revolution, civil disorder, strike, natural disaster or other like reason in the locality in which the sender was staying or carrying on business, and the document or fee was mailed to the Patent Authority within five days of the resumption of the postal service, or
(2) if the document or fee was mailed to the Patent Authority by registered mail not later than five days before the expiration of the time limit, but only if it was sent by airmail, where possible, or by other means if the sender could reasonably assume that the dispatch should reach the Patent Authority within two days of mailing.

Where the applicant requests a declaration under subsection (1) above, he shall advise the Patent Authority in writing to that effect within the time limit for taking the action laid down in that subsection.

Section 71 c (6.6.1980/407) If a request under section 71a or 71b is granted and if, as a result, the examination of a patent application that has been dismissed or rejected after becoming available to the public under section 22 is resumed or a lapsed patent is reinstated, an announcement to that effect shall be made.

Any person who in good faith has begun to exploit an invention commercially in this country after expiration of the time limit for reinstating a dismissed application or after a rejection has become final or a patent has lapsed, but before such announcement is made, may nevertheless continue to exploit the invention provided he maintains the general nature of the exploitation. The right to exploit an invention shall be granted, on the same conditions, to anyone who has made substantial preparations for such exploitation in this country.

The right under subsection (2) above may only be transferred to another person together with the business in which it originated or in which exploitation of the invention was intended.

Section 72 (31.1.2013/101) Appeals from final decisions taken by the Patent Authority under this Act, other than those referred to in section 26, and appeals from decisions referred to in sections 42, 53a(2), 53d(1), 54(1), and 71a and 71b, are lodged with the Market Court as provided in the Act on the Finnish Patent and Registration Office.

The provisions of the Act on the Judicial Proceedings at the Market Court apply to the hearing of appeals referred to in subsection (1) by the Market Court.

Section 73 (13.11.1992/1034) The amounts of the fees to be paid under this Act shall be laid down in separate provisions. In that connection it may be decreed that one or more of the initial fee years shall be exempt from annual fees.

Section 74 Further provisions concerning patent applications, announcements in respect of patent matters, printing of the application documents, opposition proceedings, limitation procedures before the Patent Authority, termination procedures, the Patent Register and its maintenance, and the Patent Authority shall be decreed by the Government. (18.11.2005/896)

The Government may decree that the Patent Authority be entitled to divulge, at the request of the authorities of another country, details of the processing of patent applications in this country and that the authorities of another country or an international institution may, at the request of the Patent Authority, undertake the examination of patent applications. (18.11.2005/896)

The Government may also decree that an applicant seeking a patent in respect of an invention for which an application has been filed in another country or with an international organization shall disclose information given to him by the authorities of such other country or by the international organization regarding the examination of his invention as to patentability. No such disclosure shall be required, however, for an application under Chapter 3 if it has been the subject of an international preliminary examination and the report on the patentability of the invention has been received by the Patent Authority. (18.11.2005/896)

Further technical regulations may be drawn up by the Patent Authority regarding patent applications, oppositions, limitation of patents at the Patent Authority and termination of patents; and their processing; and other similar technical matters. (31.1.2013/101)

Section 75 If the country is at war or in danger of war, the Government may decree, where required by the public interest, that the right to a given invention shall be surrendered to the State or to another party designated by the Government. Reasonable compensation shall be paid for the right to the invention thus surrendered. If no agreement is reached on compensation with the party entitled to compensation, the court shall determine the compensation.

Where a party other than the State has availed itself of the right to an invention pursuant to subsection (1) above and if such party does not fulfill its obligations with regard to compensation, the State shall pay the compensation without delay on request by the party entitled to compensation.

Section 76 Special regulations shall apply to inventions of importance to the defense of the country.

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Act 243/97 shall come into force on 1 April 1997

A patent application which has been approved for being laid open for public inspection before the entry into force of this Act, shall be processed and decided on in accordance with the provisions in force before the entry into force of this Act.

The provisions of section 14 of the Patents Act shall apply to a patent application filed before the entry into force of this Act.

Act 650/2000 shall come into force on 15 July 2000.

The provisions of sections 3 b and 46 a shall apply to a patent application filed or deemed to have been filed before the entry into force of this Act and to a patent granted on the basis of such application.

Act 990/2004 shall come into force on 1 January 2005.

The Act also applies to the pursued international applications for which the 20-month period calculated from the date of priority ends on the date of entry into force of the Act or thereafter and in respect of which the applicant has not yet pursued his international application for Finland.

Act 684/2006 comes into force on 1 September 2006.

Sections 57 b and 61 of this Act also apply to disputes that have been pending before the entry into force of this Act. In so far as section 61 deals with applying section 60 a, the section is nevertheless applied in the manner laid down in subsection 3 concerning the application of section 60 a.

The provisions applicable at the entry into force of this Act apply to disputes pending before the entry into force of this Act, instead of the provisions of section 60 a of this Act.

Act 896/2005 shall come into force on 6 March 2006

Sections 8b and 8c apply to patent applications filed or deemed to have been filed on or after the entry into force of this Act.

Sections 41(2) and 70 l(2) apply to an annual fee falling due on or after the entry into force of this Act.

The provisions of section 60(2) only apply to final decisions taken after the entry into force of this Act.

If the six-month time limit for reinstatement of loss of rights has expired before the entry into force of this Act, the provisions of section 71a(2) effective at the entry into force of this Act continue to apply.

Section 71a(2) applies to patent applications that are pending at the entry into force of this Act, unless the time limit for reinstatement of loss of rights already has expired.

Act 743/2011

1. This Act will enter into force on a date to be defined by government decree.

2. The provisions of section 7 a of this Act apply to patent applications filed or deemed to have been filed on the day of entry into force of this Act or thereafter.

3. The provisions of this Act concerning applications filed in English and the issuance of decisions by the Patent Authority in English apply to patent applications filed or deemed to have been filed on the day of entry into force of this Act or thereafter.

4. The provisions of section 24(1) of this Act concerning a fee apply to oppositions filed against a patent granted on the day of entry into force of this Act or thereafter.

5. The provisions of section 70 c(2) of this Act apply on applications for extension of the duration of a supplementary protection certificate filed on the day of entry into force of this Act or thereafter.

6. Measures necessary for the implementation of this Act may be undertaken before the Act’s entry into force.

Act 101/2013

Disputes or application or criminal cases which have been brought before a District Court before the entry into force of this Act, are heard in accordance with the provisions of law in force at the time of the entry into force of this Act. Measures necessary for the implementation of this Act may be undertaken before the Act’s entry into force.

Act 23/2016
This Act will enter into force on a date to be defined by government decree.

(Act 23/2016 came into force on 1 June 2023.)

Act 717/2016
shall come into force on 1 January 2017